Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
427.8 ppm
+54% above pre-industrial
pre-industrial ≈ 278 ppm · as of 2026-07
Climate & Greenhouse Gases
What the planet’s instruments are reading
The actual measured numbers — atmospheric greenhouse gases, the global temperature anomaly, and Arctic sea ice — from NOAA, NASA and the National Snow & Ice Data Center. Measurements, not models or predictions.
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Current concentration vs the pre-industrial baseline (a factual reference point, ~1750).
Methane (CH₄)
1,940 ppb
+169% above pre-industrial
pre-industrial ≈ 722 ppb · as of 2026.3
Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
340 ppb
+26% above pre-industrial
pre-industrial ≈ 270 ppb · as of 2026.3
Global temperature anomaly
+1.18 °C
above the 1951–1980 average · 2026
Land-surface anomaly, 1880 → today (NASA GISTEMP).
Arctic sea ice
22.75 million km²
Global Sea Ice Extent (1979-2026)
Arctic sea-ice extent shrinks in summer and rebuilds in winter; the long-term trend is the story.
Ocean conditions · avg 22.1°C
Live water temperature, wave height and wind from NOAA buoys across the Gulf, Atlantic and Pacific.
Gulf of Mexico (Mid-Gulf)
86°F
30°C water
· 💨 7 mph
Buoy 42001
Atlantic — E of Cape Hatteras
82°F
27.5°C water
· 💨 11 mph
Buoy 41001
Massachusetts Bay (Boston)
65°F
18.6°C water
· 💨 7 mph
Buoy 44013
Monterey Bay, California
62°F
16.6°C water
· 💨 25 mph
Buoy 46042
Gulf of Alaska
52°F
11.3°C water
· 💨 7 mph
Buoy 46001
Hawaii (NE Pacific)
78°F
25.7°C water
🌊 12.1 ft waves · 💨 18 mph
Buoy 51000
Tropical North Atlantic
82°F
28°C water
· 💨 20 mph
Buoy 41040
California — offshore Pacific
66°F
18.8°C water
· 💨 7 mph
Buoy 46059
Sources: NOAA Global Monitoring Lab (greenhouse gases), NASA GISTEMP (temperature), NSIDC (sea ice) via global-warming.org, and NOAA NDBC buoys (ocean) · updated Jul 28, 2026, 10:27 AM. Factual measurements — no projections or risk scores.